Summer 2003
O'Shaughnessy's
Journal of the California Cannabis Research Medical
Group
|
Mikuriya Asks Medical Board
To Drop Charges and Clarify
Practice Standards re Cannabis
Lawyers for Tod Mikuriya, MD, filed a motion April 24
to dismiss the Accusation against him brought by the Medical Board
of California.
On May 1 the state Attorney General’s office, as counsel for the MBC, requested
a delay in the Mikuriya case, presumably to prepare a response. There will
be a hearing on the motion to dismiss July 11 in Oakland. If it is denied,
the Berkeley-based psychiatrist says he’s prepared to defend his handling of
17 cases in which MBC investigators claim he departed from a “standard of care.” The
file-by-file hearing is scheduled to begin in Oakland Sept. 3.
Tod Mikuriya, MD tacking up a poster at
the 2002 meeting of the International Cannabinoid Research
Society, held in Asilomar. Mikuriya's paper "Cannabis
as a Substitute for Alcohol" appears elsewhere
in this edition. |
Mikuriya, 69, is a leading authority on the medicinal
use of cannabis, having edited an anthology of pre-prohibition scientific
papers and reported extensively on his own clinical observations. Since
Prop 215 passed in 1996, legalizing marijuana for medical use in California,
Mikuriya has approved and monitored its use by some 7,500 patients,
many of them seen at ad hoc clinics arranged by cannabis clubs in rural
counties.
Many California doctors have been afraid or otherwise reluctant to approve
cannabis use by patients whose conditions are not terminal. Mikuriya has
been willing to approve its use in the treatment of chronic pain, depression,
and a wide range of other medical conditions.
The MBC, which is under the Department of Consumer Affairs, issues
licenses to physicians and surgeons —and can suspend or revoke them.
The Board has 19 members, appointed by the governor, 12 of whom are
physicians. MBC staff Investigators (not MDs, although they can consult “physician
experts”), look into complaints and forward cases to the Attorney General
for legal action.
No Harm to Patients Alleged
Mikuriya says that not one of the Board’s investigations into cases he allegedly
mishandled stemmed from a complaint by a patient or a patient’s loved one. “Nor
were any of the complaints from other physicians or healthcare providers,” he
adds. “They came from cops and sheriffs and deputy DAs in rural counties who
couldn’t accept that a certain individual had the right to use marijuana for
medical reasons. And not one of their complaints alleges harm to a patient.”
Mikuriya is represented by his longtime attorney, Susan Lea; Bill Simpich and
Ben Rosenfeld —members of the team that sued the FBI on behalf of Darryl Cherney
and Judi Bari; and John Fleer, who is retained by Norcal Insurance, Mikuriya’s
malpractice carrier.
“We helped him review his files, case by case,” says Fleer. “I’ve been doing
this for 20 years and I have a feel for whether a doctor has a detailed understanding
of a case. Mikuriya not only had understanding, he had an unusual level of sympathy
for his patients... I’m afraid the Board is holding him to an artificially high
standard.”
The primary basis for dismissal, according to Mikuriya’s motion, is the section
of state law established by Prop 215 (Health & Safety Code section 11362.5)
which reads: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no physician in this
state shall be punished, or denied any right or privilege, for having recommended
marijuana to a patient for medical purposes.”
Although the MBC investigation is ostensibly about departures from the standard
of care, Mikuriya’s defenders say it’s really about medical-marijuana recommendations.
A letter to Mikuriya from Senior Investigator Thomas Campbell, dated June 28,
2002, states bluntly, “The Medical Board of California has concluded its investigation
into the matter of your treatment and subsequent recommendations and approval
of medical marijuana for numerous patients.”
Almost 100 percent of the patients Mikuriya sees had been self-medicating with
cannabis before consulting him. He says that the 15-20 minute exams he conducts
are sufficient to take a full history, review a patient’s medical records and
prior test results, make or confirm a diagnosis, discuss various aspects of cannabis
use (he routinely advocates the use of a vaporizer), and note his findings and
observations. His initial interviews, he says, “are always face-to-face, in person,
confidential, and live.” Follow-ups may be via video, phone, or e-mail. “Successful
doctor-patient relationships,” according to Mikuriya, “are characterized by candor
and trust. Removing the stigma of criminality promotes candor and trust.”
The Medical Board charges that Mikuriya didn’t establish bona fide physician-patient
relationships. “The Board is seeking to hold Dr. Mikuriya to an ambiguous standard
of care,” says Lea, “that doesn’t even apply to most primary-care doctors and
specialists, let alone doctors acting as medical consultants.”
Ironically, Mikuriya has been imploring the Medical Board since the passage of
Prop 215 to develop clear-cut guidelines for doctors who recommend cannabis.
This winter he introduced a resolution urging the California Medical Association
to lobby the Board to create such guidelines.
Dan Lungren’s Legacy
Mikuriya’s motion to dismiss asserts that the case against him was initiated
by “a coterie of federal and state law enforcement officials,” led by former
Attorney General Dan Lungren and Drug Czar Barry McCaffrey. Shortly after Prop
215 passed, Lungren instructed California police chiefs, sheriffs and district
attorneys to keep arresting and prosecuting citizens for using and cultivating
marijuana, and to force their doctors to testify in open court. Lungren then
flew to Washington to strategize with the Drug Czar and other federal officials
opposed to the implementation of Prop 215.
Drug Czar Barry McAffrey
ridiculed a list of medical conditions that he said Dr.
Mikuriya approved marijuana list--the list was actually
culled from historical records.
|
On Dec. 30, McCaffrey held a televised press conference at which he warned
California physicians that recommending marijuana could cost them their licenses.
McCaffrey displayed a long list of conditions for which marijuana reportedly
provides relief. It was headed “Dr. Mi-kuriya’s (Prop 215 Medical Ad-visor’s)
Conditions;” McCaf-frey ridiculed it as “Cheech-and Chong medicine.”
In response, a group of Bay Area physicians and patients led by AIDS specialist
Marcus Co-nant sued the Drug Czar on First Amendment grounds and got an injunction
barring the feds from taking action against Calfiornia doctors who “in the
context of a bona fide physician-patient-relationship, discuss, approve or
recommend the medical use of marijuana.” Mikuriya’s lawyers argue that the
Conant injunction “applies with equal force to other government actors, such
as the complainants in this case” and provides a second basis for dismissal.
In addition to documents establishing the Lungren-McCaffrey connection, Mikuriya’s
lawyers are citing an October 1997 memo from Lungren’s right-hand man, Senior
Deputy Attorney General John Gordnier, requesting that district attorneys in
all 58 counties notify him of any cases involving medical-marijuana recommendations
by Mikuriya and one other physician (Eugene Schoenfeld).
Two of Gordnier’s assistants, Deputy AGs Jane Zack Simon and Larry Mercer,
are slated to argue the Medical Board’s case against Mikuriya. “I can’t understand
why [current AG] Bill Lockyer would assign these two prosecutors to the case,” says
Bill Simpich. “It’s almost as if he’s granting Dan Lungren a last request from
beyond the political grave.”
It remains to be seen what penalty the Board would impose if the charges against
Mikuriya are upheld, but patients and staff at local dispensaries are fearful. “It
seems that Dr. Mikuriya has been targeted for being knowledgeable and outspoken,” says
Debby Goldsberry, director of the Berkeley Patients Group. “Patients are afraid
of losing his expert care and advice. Everybody’s wondering, ‘Who’ll be next?’”
Updates to this issue can be found here, here, here,
and here.